Exit of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso from ECOWAS: Implications for Regional Security
Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso have officially withdrawn from ECOWAS, forming the Alliance of Sahel States amid tensions with the regional body. This shift reflects growing dissatisfaction with ECOWAS’s responses to security and governance challenges following military coups. The creation of a joint military force of 5,000 troops signals an urgent need for cooperation against jihadist threats in the Sahel region.
The recent withdrawal of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) raises significant concerns about the future of the organization. This departure, announced by the military-led governments of these nations after a protracted period of tension, indicates a growing disillusionment with ECOWAS’s policies. These countries were supposed to provide a year’s notice before departure, but all three countries ignored a call to extend their membership for six more months to seek a solution.
Now, Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso have formed a coalition known as the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), indicating their shift towards different alliances. The military leaders have criticized ECOWAS for what they perceive as an abandonment of support following a coup and accused the organization of imposing unfair sanctions, especially after the military takeover that led to their current leadership.
ECOWAS has faced challenges, particularly following the coup in Niger, which led to threats of military intervention to reinstate former President Bazoum Mohamed. Following economic sanctions against Niger, the three countries now plan to launch their own passports and establish a joint military force of 5,000 troops to combat jihadist threats in the region.
Gilles Yabi, the head of the Wathi think tank, highlighted the potential political ramifications of these nations’ exit, suggesting it could significantly weaken ECOWAS’s role. Furthermore, tensions have escalated, with Niger refusing to open borders with Benin, which it accuses of harboring jihadists.
In the meantime, Togo has positioned itself as a mediator between ECOWAS and the AES, aiming to facilitate dialogue while maintaining economic interests. Togo’s Minister of Foreign Affairs has signaled a desire to join the AES coalition, which could raise further questions regarding ECOWAS’s viability if more member states opt to align with the newer grouping.
As Ghana engages with AES under the leadership of President John Mahama, questions arise about whether countries can be members of both alliances simultaneously. This situation demands a re-examination of ECOWAS’s foundational goals concerning economic integration and democratic governance, according to Yabi.
Despite challenges, efforts to strengthen ties between AES countries and ECOWAS remain crucial to ensure continued economic relations and address security threats in the Sahel region. The ongoing humanitarian crisis resulting from jihadist violence necessitates renewed collaboration or risk further destabilization.
The departure of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso from ECOWAS highlights a significant shift in West African geopolitics, suggesting a deeper divide within the region. Following a series of military coups in these nations, their leadership has expressed frustration with ECOWAS’s handling of their situations, notably the imposition of sanctions. The formation of the Alliance of Sahel States reflects their desire to pursue alternate security and political partnerships, particularly as they confront rising jihadist threats.
The withdrawal of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso from ECOWAS represents a critical juncture for regional stability and governance. The establishment of the Alliance of Sahel States points to a strategic pivot away from ECOWAS, prompting necessary discussions about the future of regional cooperation in West Africa. As these countries seek new alliances, the effectiveness and adaptability of ECOWAS will be increasingly tested.
Original Source: www.bbc.com
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