France is withdrawing its military presence from Africa, having lost most bases due to rising opposition and budget constraints. The military disengagement reflects a declining influence, with a notable shift in trade dynamics. Nations like Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal seek economic cooperation while asserting their sovereignty, amidst growing ties with China and Russia.

France has experienced a significant reduction of its military presence in Africa over recent years. This withdrawal is primarily driven by financial constraints and political instability in Paris, signaling a decline in France’s historical influence in the region. Since 2022, France has been withdrawing troops from West Africa due to increasing resistance against its military role in combating Islamist insurgencies, marking the end of over 40 years of military engagement.

In 2023, France officially transferred control of the N’Djamena military base in Chad to local authorities, following Chad’s announcement to discontinue security agreements with France. This event followed the expulsion of French troops from Mali and Burkina Faso in previous years, exacerbated by a military coup in Niger, which also ended cooperation with France regarding counter-terrorism efforts.

The ongoing military withdrawal is set to continue, with Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal planning to have French troops depart by 2025. In a statement, French President Emmanuel Macron asserted that the country is not retreating but rather reorganizing its approach in Africa. He emphasized that no African state could achieve full sovereignty without French support, which has been met with skepticism and concern regarding rising tensions.

Notably, trade relations have declined, with trade between France and sub-Saharan Africa amounting to only €24.5 billion in 2023, constituting a small percentage of France’s overall exports and imports. However, Niger plays a vital role in this dynamic due to its uranium resources, essential for France’s nuclear energy sector. The management of these resources is currently a point of contention, as Niger aims to reclaim control over its uranium mining operations.

In conclusion, France’s military and economic ties in Africa are undergoing substantial changes. The withdrawal of troops signals a shift from historical collaborations towards a more independent path for former colonies. While some nations like Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire maintain hopeful economic ties with France, the overall trend indicates a diminishing influence and a potential pivot towards other global powers such as China and Russia. The long-term implications of these developments will be crucial as both France and African states navigate their relationships moving forward.

Original Source: www.euractiv.com

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